Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PREFACE
BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY IN THE USE OF CHEMICALS

1. Chemical risks to health

2. How can workplace chemicals enter our body

3. How chemicals affect us

3.1. Acute effects-Chronic effects
3.2. Local effects-Systemic effects
3.3. Target organs
3.4. Allergic reactions
3.5. Interactions

4. What is toxicology

4.1. Exposure routes
4.2. LD50 and LC50; comparison of acute toxicity
4.3. Limit values

5. Common groups that cause health risks

5.1. Dusts, fumes and gases
5.2. Solvents
5.3. Metals
5.4. Acids and bases
5.5. Pesticides

6. How to minimize the risks caused by chemicals

6.1. In the enterprise
6.2. At places of work
6.3. Storage
6.4. Chemicals in the environment/waste

IDENTIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING OF CHEMICALS

1. Introduction

2. Identification and classification

3. What is a hazardous chemical

4. How to pass on the information to users

5. Where to find information about hazardous chemicals

6. How to classify for a label

7. How to compile a label

Annex 1. Symbols and indications of danger
Annex 2. Risk phrases
Annex 3. Safety phrases
Annex 4. List of substances with risk and safety phrases
Annex 5. IARC list of cancer causing chemicals
Annex 6. List of chemicals, banned or severely restricted to certain uses
Annex 7 A. General classification and labelling requirements for dangerous substances and preparations
Annex 7 B. Concentration limits to be used in applying the conventional method of assessing health hazard
Annex 8. United Nations Classification Recommendation on Transport of Dangerous Goods

CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

1. What happens during the transport of chemicals

1.1. What are dangerous goods
1.2. Dangerous situations

2. Classes of dangerous goods

2.1. Class 1. Explosives
2.2. Class 2. Gases

2.2.1. Class 2.1 Flammable gases
2.2.2. Class 2.2 Non-flammable gases
2.2.3. Class 2.3 Toxic gases

2.3. Class 3. Flammable liquids
2.4. Class 4.1. Flammable solids
2.5. Class 4.2. Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
2.6. Class 4.3. Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases
2.7. Class 5.1. Oxidizing substances

2.7.1. Class 5.2. Organic peroxides

2.8. Class 6.1. Toxic substances
2.9. Class 8. Corrosive substances
2.10. Class 9. Miscellaneous dangerous substances

3. Transport and storage of dangerous goods

3.1. Labels, marking, documents
3.2. Vehicle requirements
3.3. Incompatible dangerous goods
3.4. Limited quantities

4. Organizing safety

4.1. Organizing safety communication
4.2. Organizing safety measures
4.3. Responsibilities

Annex 1. Common rules that apply to all types of transport of dangerous goods
Annex 2. Quantity limits
Annex 3. Goods requiring supervision
Annex 4. Labels and document for transport of dangerous goods
Annex 5. Hazard identification numbers on placards

MAJOR HAZARD CHEMICALS

CHLORINE

  1. Cases
  2. Properties of chlorine
  3. Use of chlorine
  4. Transport of chlorine

AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZERS

  1. Properties
  2. Health effects
  3. Occupational exposure
  4. Safety measures
  5. Storage, transport
  6. Effects on the environment

LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBON GASES

  1. Properties
  2. Effects
  3. Safety in handling LPG
  4. Requirements in storage
  5. Transport of LPG

Annex 1. Substances and quantities potential to cause major accidents

SOLVENTS

BENZENE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS

1. Properties, use and health effects of some solvents

1.1 Carbon tetrachloride
1.2 Chlorobenzenes
1.3 Chloroform
1.4 1,2-Dichloroethane
1.5 bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
1.6 1,2-Dichloropropane
1.7 Methylene chloride
1.8 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1.9 Tetrachloroethylene
1.10 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1.11 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1.12 Trichloroethylene
1.13 1,2,3-Trichloropropane

2.  Preventive measures

3. Storage

Annex 1. Classification of halogenated hydrocarbon solvents in European Union
Annex 2. Recommended glove material
Annex 3. First aid advice related to halogenated solvents

METALS

LEAD

  1. Properties
  2. Health effects of lead
  3. Occupational use and exposure
  4. Safety measures and monitoring
  5. Waste disposal
  6. Lead in the environment

CHROMIUM AND CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS

  1. Properties
  2. Health effects
  3. Occupational use and exposure
  4. Safety measures and monitoring
  5. Waste disposal
  6. Chromium in the environment

NICKEL AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS

  1. Properties
  2. Health effects
  3. Occupational use and exposure
  4. Safety measures and monitoring
  5. Waste disposal
  6. Nickel in the environment

Annex 1. Classification of chromium compounds in European Union
Annex 2. Classification of nickel compounds in European Union

CORROSIVE MATERIALS

ACIDS, ANHYDRIDES AND BASES

  1. Properties
  2. Health effects
  3. Effects on the environment
  4. Occupational use
  5. Storage

Annex 1. Use of some resins in process equipment
Annex 2. Acids, alkalis and effects on common construction materials
Annex 3. Effect of some corrosive substances on concrete
Annex 4. Examples of incompatible substances
Annex 5. Some common corrosive substances and their classification in European Union
Annex 6. First aid advice related to acids and alkalis

POLYMERS

  1. Properties, use and health effects of some polymers
  2. Occupational exposure
  3. Preventive measures
  4. Effects to the environment